Essay about Anti-War Elements in Joseph Heller’s Catch-22

Critics often refer to Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 as an anti-war novel. At its core, the novel has a disparaging view of war. The main character, John Yossarian, believes that war is madness. He is astounded that men lay down their lives for vague concepts such as country, patriotism, and honor. However, unlike the typical anti-war novel, Catch-22 doesn’t focus on the most dismal aspects of war; Heller masterfully crafts an effective satirical style of addressing war. Corruption, confusion, and dishonesty run amok in the novel and these principles justify the embodiment of Catch-22 as an anti-war novel. In essence, war in Catch-22 is portrayed as inherently corrupt. The motives of all involved in war are impure, from the highest†¦show more content†¦They ask Yossarian to pretend to like them and go as far as saying nice things about them to rally support among the troops and further their ‘good’ reputations. However, corruption is not unique to the high ranks. Even the unranked soldiers are racist and obsessed with sex. They partake in prostitution and unnecessary acts of violence during leaves from the army. In the army, they lose their religious faith and question their previous beliefs. This strikingly portrays the novel in an anti-war light. Confusion is omnipresent throughout the novel. The most obvious example of confusion is what the book is named for. Catch-22 is circular reasoning that is a motif in the novel of the same name. â€Å"There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, that specified that a concern for ones own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind†¦ [because someone] would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn’t, but if he was sane, he had to fly them† (46). The theory Catch-22 is mentioned by many characters at many different times for many different reasons throughout the novel, often causing confusion, demonstrating the confusing, oftenShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent is Marxist Criticism Helpful in Opening Up Potential Meanings in CATCH 22?1492 Words   |  6 PagesA Marxist reading enables the critic to see Catch 22, by Joseph Heller, as not simply an anti-war novel but a satirical representation of the absurd ity of American bureaucracy and capitalism, and thus shows the extent to which the situation at the time was of concern to Heller. The novel takes place in Italy during World War II and the novel follows Yossarian who is a part of an air squadron yet Heller confirms that â€Å"The elements that inspired the ideas came to me from the civilian situation inRead MoreThe Absurd View of American Society Portrayed through Catch-223231 Words   |  13 PagesSociety Portrayed Through Catch-22 War means many different things to different people, from the outside looking in regular citizens only see the impact soldiers make and at times the unfortunate outcome which happens for the security of one’s country. In Joseph Heller’s Catch-22, the use of protagonist Yossarian as well as characters such as Milo Minderbinder, the Chaplain, and the Soldier in White show readers the underlying issues that occur during a war such as World War II. Heller argues that whatRead MoreThe Cold War, By Joseph Heller s Catch 22, Sidney Lumet s Film, Full Metal Jacket1321 Words   |  6 PagesTexts that encapsulate the anxieties of the Cold War era not only reflect the preoccupations of the time, but also offer re-evaluations of its values and ideas. The Cold War was not an era characterised by cataclysmic battles or great military victories, but by ‘small wars’, ubiquitous surveillance, and a precarious stalemate. John Hersey’s Hiroshima, Joseph Heller’ s Catch-22, Sidney Lumet’s film Fail-Safe, and Stanley Kubrick’s film, Full Metal Jacket, encapsulate the paradigmatic shifts that encompassedRead MoreThe Life And Death Of Satire2426 Words   |  10 Pagestravel the globe to regain his beautiful love. Satire then expands and incorporates more modern people and popular events. It has even grown to incorporate the satirization of deep philosophies and organizations with Catch-22 by Joseph Heller, or Cat’s Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut. Catch-22 is the dark comedy that looks at the autonomous and heartless bureaucracy that our government and army have become. Cat’s Cradle is a dark look at hope, and how we as people may lie to ourselves and others, in orderRead MorePostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 PagesPostmodern literature The term Postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature. It is both a continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period (relying heavily, for example, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc.) and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is difficult to define and there is little agreement on theRead More Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five Essays3848 Words   |  16 Pagestheir world has become. Such satirists use their creative work to reveal the comic elements of an absurd world and incite a change in society; examples include Stanley Kubrick’s film, Dr. Strangelove, and Joseph Heller’s novel, Catch-22. Both works rose above their more serious counterparts to capture the critical voice of a generation dissatisfied with a nation of warmongers. Completing this triumvirate of anti-war classics is Kurt Vonnegut’s novel, Slaughterhouse-Five. Infusing his social commentaryRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pagessuch a juxtaposition combination deepen and enrich Shakespeare’s use of a traditional form enrich Shakespeare’s use of a traditional form? Literary Terms Elements of Poetry Poetry is a literary form characterized by a strong sense of rhythm and meter and an emphasis on the interaction between sound and sense. The study of the elements of poetry is called prosody. For an in-depth explanation of poetry and poetic forms, see the Poetry Spark Chart.    Rhythm and Meter Rhythm and meter are theRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesDeciding on the pricing objectives 12.12 Using price as a tactical weapon 12.13 Promotion and marketing communications 12.14 Distribution strategies and the distribution plan 12.15 Channel management 12.16 The ‘soft’ elements of the marketing mix CONTENTS ix 12.17 Integrating the elements of the marketing mix 12.18 Summary Stage Four: Which way is best? Strategic evaluation 13 Criteria of choice 13.1 Learning objectives 13.2 Introduction 13.3 Financial versus non-financial criteria; effectiveness

William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night - 981 Words

In William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, the theme of same-sex desire plays a significant role in the play. Shakespeare’s comedy was written around 1601 and during these times, women were not allowed to perform on the English public stage, therefore female roles were written to be performed by trained youthful boys. In this play, Viola is a female character that has the ability and skills to transform herself through character, voice, and gesture into a young teenage boy, whose name is Cesario (Shakespeare 1187). Because of the characters of Viola and Cesario, they are able to explore emotional territories of both men and women and same-sex desire as well as cross-class marriages (Shakespeare 1187). Due to same-sex desires, this provides more stability and meaningfulness to the overall play by falling in love with those whose inner beauty shines more than physical appearance. In the land of Illyria, Duke Orsino, a nobleman, falls in love with the wealthy and beautiful, Olivia. As the play starts off, Orsino sends his messenger, Cesario, to deliver a message to Olivia expressing to her how much Orsino loves her. Because Cesario is young and handsome, Orsino believes that she will listen to him since she has not listened to anyone since her brother died. Viola begins to fall in love with Orsino after realizing how passionate he is for love and that he would go out of his way to try to express his love to Olivia: â€Å"I’ll do my best / To woo your lady. Yet a barful strife! /Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night2005 Words   |  9 Pagesrole that gender plays in Shakespeare’s work. Focus on Twelfth Night or King Lear—or discuss both plays together. Do you see these patterns repeated? Or do you see them being challenged and somehow undermined (implicitly or explicitly) in the plots and language of the play s)?† w ants to know if Shakespeare wanted to break the pattern of women being passive objects to men in the literature. In the story Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare all of the roles are played by men. In the fifteenth centuryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1967 Words   |  8 Pages William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Twelfth Night† or â€Å"What You Will† was written around 1601-1602 with the primary performance being in February 1602. It is known to be a high point of Shakespearian comedy as it is one of Shakespeare’s finest works. Twelfth night was written to commemorate the close of the Christmas season being possibly one of the first ever holiday specials, kind of like the Middle Ages version of â€Å"Love Actually†. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated duringRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night947 Words   |  4 PagesLove affection Recently, I’ve been reading an intriguing play, Twelfth Night, which was written by William Shakespeare. What interests me in this play most is the fact that there are a lot of love interests. Duke Orsino is greatly attracted to a gentlewoman called Olivia. However, despite his attempts to court her, she rejects his approaches as she claims to be in a period of mourning for her dead brother which has been going on for seven years. Olivia forms a tight friendship with Viola, a womanRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pagesaffection for another person,† love takes on many forms throughout life and literature (Merriam-Webster). Through its passionate drama and witty repartee, Twelfth Night, by William Shakespeare, explores the intricate, and often complicated, realm of interpersonal love. By tracing the intertwining storylines of four unique characters, Shakespeare communicates the futility of self-love, the desperation of hopeless love, and the immeasurable virtue of selfless love. An after-effect of human’s sinfulRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1436 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is perhaps one of the most famous writers of English literature. His writings and plays have touched the lives of many people. At some point in our lives, whether we are aware of it or not, we have all come across a poem, play or perhaps even an old adage that was written by William Shakespeare that has captured our attention. I still remember the very first time I read Romeo and Juliet in high school. The story was one of the most memorable pieces of literature that I recallRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe very ï ¬ rst word following the dramatis personae in the text of William Shakespeare s comedy, Twelfth Night, or What You Will, is Music. The first thing that playgoers hear at the beginning is music. This music is being played for a duke, a powerful lord residing over the setting of all the characters. He is surrounded by other lords and his attendant, Curio. The duke, Orsino, cannot help but comment: If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1155 Words   |  5 Pagesmany aspects. Sometimes they may try to force people to act upon certain rules that define their place in society. They often try to meet expectations that society has made for them based on gender and social status. William Shakespeare reinforces these ideas in his play Twelfth Night, which introduces many meaningful messages about situations that still occur in society today. He clearly develops important themes worthy of analysis. A few of these strong themes are about stereotypes and society’sRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1218 Words   |  5 PagesTwelfth Night, a romantic piece by William Shakespeare expresses a complex love triangle in the village of Illyria. One of the primary protagonists, Viola is washed up onto the shores during violent storms that separate her and her biological twin brother Sebastian. Viola is uncertain if her brother Sebastian survived. It is a coincidence, that the tragic shipwreck carried Viola to the enemy state (Illyria). Unfortunately, this forces the character to go into disguise in order to survive on the maleRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1979 Words   |  8 Pageshas died. This is extremely emotionally tolling both on the nurses and the patients and lying seems like a kinder option. A situation such as this one would be deception to gain something but is helping the person being lied to. In William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night, one main characters, Viola, wakes up on the shores of Illyria after a shipwreck in which her brother has presumably died. She formulates a plan to work for the Duke, Orsino who is hopelessly in love with the sought-after Olivia. ThisRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1106 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters. Before movies, people learned about love in literature. Even in the old literature, love was a common theme. In Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Twelfth Nightâ⠂¬ , different types of love between the characters are investigated. Each of the characters’ relationships play a role in the development of the story. The first and main type of love in â€Å"Twelfth Night is true love. The story’s plot is driven by the complicated love triangle between Orsino, Viola, and Olivia. However, Viola’s love is the only true

Clone In Sheep free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Clothing Essay, Research Paper A Ringer in Sheep # 8217 ; s Clothing Three old ages ago a sheep named Dolly became the biggest intelligence since the first successful open-heart surgery. Dolly, unlike every other mammal on Earth is an indistinguishable transcript of its female parent. Dolly has no male parent. The # 8220 ; miracle # 8221 ; of cloning was preformed by Dr. Ian Willmut and his squad at Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. The new research has opened a big sum of possibilities for the hereafter usage of the technique every bit good as many ethical issues sing human cloning. The Roslin Institute squad created Dolly by reassigning the karyon of grownup sheep cells in to the egg of another female sheep. The egg had its natural karyon removed by microsurgery. Ones the new karyon was implanted in to the egg cell it now had a complete set of cistrons indistinguishable to the sheep who donated the karyon. We will write a custom essay sample on Clone In Sheep or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The transplanted egg cells were so cultured for a short period of clip and implanted into a female sheep to transport the gestation to term. The karyon of many different grownup cells were used in the experiment including mammary secretory organ cells, which were the 1s to bring forth the successful consequence. The sheep Born as a consequence of the experiment was an exact familial extra, ringer, of the sheep donating the grownup karyon. Though other mammals have been cloned before, they were ever created signifier embryologic cells, neer a cell of a fully-grown animate being. This research besides proved that grownup animate being cells do incorporate a feasible transcript of all the familial stuff needed to make a whole new animate being. Willmut # 8217 ; s technique is really hard and requ ires a batch of work. Because of this, it is non practical manner of making animate beings. The company who funded the research plans on utilizing cloning in order to make animate beings that will bring forth of import drugs in their milk, but at this minute it is non the best manner to make it. On the other manus, the hard method will likely be improved and simplified in the hereafter going an of import tool in biomedical research. Unfortunately, this new find opens the door to the moralss of human cloning. Most scientists agree that human cloning is incorrect and should be banned. It is now illegal in many states including England but remains technically legal in the United States. The US authorities refuses to fund any human cloning research and has asked that all private companies do the same. There are many ethical issues involved in the argument about human cloning including the fright that people will make ringers in order to utilize them as organ grafts. The line between cloning for research intents and for selfish grounds is really thin and many moralss commissions have been created to discourse and find the bounds to which this technique should be allowed to travel. Though the Wilmut technique is really complicated and requires a batch of work, the equipment needed can be found in any advanced biological research lab and it will be really hard to forestall physicians from offering cloning as an option to patients who need aid, such as the parents of a deceasing kid. Other labs have now confided their advancement toward animating Wilmut # 8217 ; s consequences and cloning may, one twenty-four hours, become every bit platitude as in vitro fertilisation.

Come Around Sundown by Kings of Leon free essay sample

While anticipating the Kings latest album, there was a lot of debate among fans. Would they go back to their garage-country-rock roots or continue with the arena rock and pop hits of the last album? First off, lets talk basics. The album contains 13 songs and a couple extras and remixes if you get the physical copy. A good number of songs for the money. However, the actual musical quality, is debatable. â€Å"Come Around Sundown†  ­begins with a depressed and unpleasant Caleb Followill whining/singing about â€Å"the end,† which is also the name of the song. It isnt completely  ­unbearable; there are moments of brightness. Hope rises as the singer croons â€Å"tell you that youre good enough, tell you that its gonna be tough.† The choruses are a little less satisfying, but Ill save that for another critic. After fading out with a bass-driven Southern twang, the next song begins. We will write a custom essay sample on Come Around Sundown by Kings of Leon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ah, this is better – old Kings style, I think. Well, that isnt completely true. â€Å"Radioactive† combines the arena style of â€Å"Only by the Night† with the Southern sound the Kings were raised with. I could live with that. The second to last track, â€Å"Mi Amigo,† is easily my favorite. Its bass-driven, easy-going melody rocks the song along with a calm unmatched by any other here. Followills performance is simply out of this world. It tells the story of a friend who helps Caleb stagger home one night after he has too much to drink. Its the sort of song you would like to sing to all of your â€Å"amigos.† Overall, â€Å"Come Around Sundown† is a neat album. It couples the old and new sounds of the band in all the best ways. One can definitely deal with the whining about being famous for all the gems that Kings of Leon produces. I would definitely recommend this album to anyone who has ever enjoyed the Kings and even to those who have never heard of them. Perhaps, changing their sound isnt such a bad idea after all.

Juvenile Offenders Essays - Criminology, Childhood, Crime

Juvenile Offenders Juvinile Should Juveniles be waived to adult court Philosophy 14 Nov 98 Should juveniles be waived to adult court. There has been tension between teens (pre-teens) and adults for thousands of years, and the question how to deal with the youth of a culture, in a punishment sense, has been with us for just as long. Socrates, for example, stated that children show little respect for there elders. Since Socrates time largely due to the spread of guns and drugs, younger and younger children are committing violent crimes. Children that have special needs or have committed a criminal act have been subject to state protection since, 1838. The first juvenile court was established in Chicago in 1890. The assumption, that was made at that time, was that the criminal justice system should work to help youngsters, not to humiliate or punish them. Along with the creation of the juvenile justice system went the creation of status offenses, these are offenses that if committed by an adult, would not be consi dered an offense. In the 1950's and 60's many laws were passed to protect the rights of children, in a court of law. The major decisions of this time were: Kent v. United States, In re Gault, and In re Winship. Since the time that these laws were enacted, the number of juveniles committing violent offenses has risen dramatically. There are two distinct schools of thought in this argument: side A believes that a persons age should not prevent that person from feeling the full effect of the adult court system, while side B feels that you simply cannot apply the same rules to juvenile offenders that you do to adults. I will first present side A's case then B's and finally end with my own opinion. Many states have begun enacting new laws about the transfer of juveniles, that are more harsh on juveniles. Minnesota, for example, has a new law that states a 16 or 17 year old person that has been charged with a violent offense has to prove to court why they should be tried in the juvenile s ystem. In cases where the offender is younger than 16 the prosecutor must show why the juvenile should be waived. One of main issues of side A, is that if the offender is too old the sentence would not be severe enough for the crime that had been committed. Another issue is the overcrowding of the juvenile justice system. Many of the offenders in the juvenile system, if a few years older, would have already been sentenced to life sentences in an adult court. Side A does not believe that a persons age should be the lone determining factor for non-waiver. While side A does believe that there are a great many negative influences on today's youth, they believe that these circumstances do not dismiss that crimes that have been committed. The core belief that most of the side A advocates share is, the belief that the small percentage of the juveniles that are committing the serious crimes are past the point where a juvenile court could be of any help. Side A truly feels that by allowing s erious juvenile offenders to be waived to adult court, thus receiving a stiffer sentence, the community, as a hole, will be much better served. Side B believes, essentially, that no child (juvenile) should be waived. Side B sees several key factors for the rise in juvenile crime. These reasons are ones that are out of the control of the juvenile. The key factors are: (a) Unemployment among teens was 19 percent in 1993, up from 15.3 percent five years earlier, and for black youths the unemployment rates were twice that. (b) Since 1970, Aid to families with dependent children benefits have declined an average of 45 percent in inflation-adjusted dollars, according to the Children's Defense Fund. (c) In 1992, there were 14.6 million children living below the poverty line, the Children's Defense Fund says, about 5 million more than in 1973. (d) In 1993, there were 3 million victims of child abuse, according to the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse- a rate 50 percent hi gher than in 1985.

Argumentative Essay Topics For Teenagers

Argumentative Essay Topics For TeenagersArgumentative essay topics for teenagers provide challenges that they can only learn by trying. The challenges in the essays are generally hard, but are generally not impossible. It's not that students are stuck with the topics; it's that they are trying to be clever when writing their essays and this is the only way they will learn the topic.Argumentative essay topics for teenagers should focus on things that they can't avoid. They should challenge themselves with difficult things and decide to go after them. The topics are typically about being open-minded, learning, and understanding different perspectives. The essays for teenagers should be the first step towards expanding one's mind and creating new ideas.Argumentative essay topics for teenagers are designed to show students that they are creative, independent thinkers. They should understand that there are many ways of thinking and that they are not always right. In addition, they should also realize that they don't always know everything. Argumentative essay topics for teenagers allow students to learn how to think critically and to analyze and find facts.College students are often a bit behind their peers in critical thinking skills. When writing essays for teenagers, it's important to use arguments that are based on research. Students should be able to use facts and figures from statistics, research, or other sources to support their points.A lot of adults tend to write essays about the best thing for someone to do. This isn't always the case for young people. Instead, they should present an argument about why something is wrong and what's good about it.When writing argumentative essay topics for teenagers, you should be careful not to be too negative. Showing that something is bad doesn't necessarily mean that it has to be bad. A good argument can still be an argument about how something is great.Argumentative essay topics for teenagers are also designed to show the importance of diversity. Teens need to learn that they are not all alike and they should be able to learn about other cultures. They should also be taught how to accept others for who they are.Writing essay topics for teenagers often requires the student to read a variety of material and take in as much information as possible. Therefore, they should read outside of their book if possible. Reading beyond the book is a great way to expand your mind and improve your ability to think.

Week 2 Discussion Example

Week 2 Discussion Example Week 2 Discussion – Coursework Example The US legal Adversarial Functions Project The US legal system is adversarial through the interpretation of laws and advising the government institutions. This implies that the legal system undertakes the role of scrutinizing different segments of the constitution to avoid conflicts and breach of pertinent privileges. The US legal system also undertakes the adversarial duty is by guiding the government and private agencies on their roles in protecting the laws (Kagan, 2011). For instance, the US legal system can advise the executive concerning foreign policies or treaties. It can also offer advise the legislature on the constitutional sections that require amendments or repeals. The US legal system performs in adversarial matters through arbitrary functions between conflicting parties. This should involve a neutral approach to the matter with a view of reaching a professional and amicable solution (Kagan, 2011). A forensic psychology professional should be trustworthy to ensure that they correct injustices in the legal system. It is always appropriate to point out areas that may cause constitutional breaches by being truthful and accurate. The other attribute that would be helpful for forensic psychology professionals is being cautious (Kubicek, 2010). This is because some matters may require keen consideration of matters before disclosing them to the public domain. A forensic psychology professional should know the right timing of disclosing information to the public. This helps in avoiding confrontation or demonstration by the members of the public. It is vital to participate in forensic adversarial duties with adequate knowledge of law and legal matters (Kubicek, 2010). It is unprofessional to undertake forensic psychology examination by an individual who does not understand the tenets of the law.ReferencesKagan, R. A. (2011). Adversarial legalism: The American way of law. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.Kubicek, T. L. (2010). Adversarial justice: Americas court system on trial. New York: Algora Pub. Week 2 Discussion Example Week 2 Discussion – Coursework Example Weighing Chief Concerns al Affiliation) Weighing Chief Concerns According to Brown, the dilemma between selectingindividuals who will be good officers and weeding out potentially bad officers is an issue concerning Pre-Employment Psychological Evaluation (PEPE). The police chief should act in a manner that would not compromise the duties of the current police officers. However, it would be prudent if the police chief decided to select individual who will be good officers by employing the PEPE process. Kitaeff, (2011) argues that ethical concerns may compromise an attempt to weed out potentially bad officers, in addition to weakening the service in terms of human capital. Dr. Shayleigh Johnson, a police psychological professional, ought to understand all the job analytic information applicable to the intended position. In addition, before administering any psychological instruments, she should disclose information regarding the goals of the evaluation. According to Brown, (2010), the psychologist should employ a written test battery that would serve as an aptitude test measuring the skills for all applicants. Dr. Johnson would then conduct face-to-face interviews with the applicants to verify the results obtained from the written test battery and clinical assessment (Brown, 2010). Disclosure would involve obtaining an informed consent and explaining the limits of confidentiality. The forensic examiner ought to explain to the applicants that the recruiting agency is the client and how they intend to use the information obtained from the evaluation. The limits of confidentiality would involve outlining individuals authorized to access the psychological information obtained and evaluation results. Brown, (2010) convincingly argue that a fitness-for-duty evaluation (FFDE) analysis the ability of an employee to apply both mental and physical capabilities to perform the duties as set in the employment contract. The FFDE initiates by validating its objectives through disclosing all the relevant information to the applicant. Such information includes obtaining an informed consent and explaining the responsibility of the examiner towards upholding confidentiality. In addition, the examiner may conduct various psychological tests to obtain objective information from the applicant. The examiner may utilize intelligence tests to measure the applicant’s intelligence. In addition, occupational tests may provide information regarding the applicant’s interests in known careers. The examiner provides a detailed report of the findings and debriefs the applicants. The FFDE may indicate that some applicants are fit for duty while others require further assessment. The report should indicate applicants whose mental and physical abilities match the skills required for the job and those who require rehabilitation and counseling (Brown, 2010). ReferencesBrown, J. (2010). The Cambridge handbook of forensic psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge Universit y Press. Top of FormBottom of FormKitaeff, J. (2011). Handbook of police psychology. New York: Routledge.